Wys bron van Tennessien

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{{Elementboks opskrif | getal=117 | simbool=Ts | naam=tennessien | links=[[livermorium]] | regs=[[oganesson]] | bo=[[Astaat|At]] | onder=(Usu) | kleur1="#eceaec" | kleur2=gray }}
{{Elementboks reeks | onbekend; moontlik ’n <br />[[Hoofgroepmetale|hoofgroepmetaal]]}}
{{Elementboks groepperiodeblok | groep=17 | periode=7 | blok=p }}
{{elementboks voorkoms | waarskynlik donker en <br />metaalagtig}}
{{Elementboks atoommassa gpm | (314) }}
{{Elementboks ekonfig | voorspel; &#91;[[radon|Rn]]&#93; 5f<sup>14</sup> 6d<sup>10</sup> 7s<sup>2</sup> 7p<sup>5</sup> }}
{{Elementboks eperskil | 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 7 }}
{{Elementboks cas nommer | 54101-14-3 }}
{{Elementboks afdeling fisieseiensk |kleur1="#eceaec" | kleur2=gray }}
{{Elementboks fase | vermoedelik 'n [[vastestof]]<ref name=Haire>{{cite book| title=The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements| editor1-last=Morss|editor2-first=N. M.| editor2-last=Edelstein| editor3-last=Fuger|editor3-first=J.| last1=Hoffman|first1=D. C. |last2=Lee |first2=D. M. |last3=Pershina |first3=V. |chapter=Transactinides and the future elements| pages=1652–1752|publisher= Springer Science+Business Media| year=2006| isbn=1-4020-3555-1| edition=3de| ref=CITEREFHaire2006}}</ref><ref name="B&K">{{cite journal
|last1=Bonchev |first1=D. |last2=Kamenska |first2=V. |year=1981 |title=Predicting the Properties of the 113–120 Transactinide Elements |journal=Journal of Physical Chemistry |volume=85 |issue=9 |pages=1177–1186 |doi=10.1021/j150609a021 |url=http://www.researchgate.net/publication/239657207_Predicting_the_properties_of_the_113_to_120_transactinide_elements }}</ref> }}
{{Elementboks digtheid gpcm3nkt | afgelei; 7,1–7,3 }}
{{Elementboks smeltpunt | k=623–823 | c=350–550 }}
{{Elementboks kookpunt | k=883 | c=610 }}
{{Elementboks afdeling atoomeiensk |kleur1="#eceaec" | kleur2=gray }}
{{Elementboks oksiedtoest | voorspel;<ref name=Haire>{{cite book| title=The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements| editor1-last=Morss|editor2-first=N. M.| editor2-last=Edelstein| editor3-last=Fuger|editor3-first=J.| last1=Hoffman|first1=D. C. |last2=Lee |first2=D. M. |last3=Pershina |first3=V. |chapter=Transactinides and the future elements| pages=1652–1752|publisher= Springer Science+Business Media| year=2006| isbn=1-4020-3555-1| edition=3de| ref=CITEREFHaire2006}}</ref><ref name=BFricke>{{cite journal |last1=Fricke |first1=B. |year=1975 |title=Superheavy elements: a prediction of their chemical and physical properties |journal=Recent Impact of Physics on Inorganic Chemistry |volume=21 |pages=89–144 |doi=10.1007/BFb0116498 |url=http://www.researchgate.net/publication/225672062_Superheavy_elements_a_prediction_of_their_chemical_and_physical_properties |accessdate=4 Oktober 2013}}</ref> -1, '''+1''', '''+3''', +5 }}
{{Elementboks ioonenergie2 | 742,9 | 1785,0–1920,1  }}
{{Elementboks afdeling geskiedenis |kleur1="#eceaec" | kleur2=gray }}
{{Elementboks ontdekdatum | [[2010]] }}
{{Elementboks ontdekdeur | Gesamentlike Instituut vir <br />Kernnavorsing, Doebna, [[Rusland]] }}
{{Elementboks genoemna | die [[Tennessee]]-streek, [[VSA]]}}
{{Elementboks naamdatum | November [[2016]] }}
{{Elementboks ounaam | ununseptium (Uus) }}
{{Elementboks isotope begin |isotopevan=tennessien|daaris=y | kleur1="#eceaec" | kleur2=gray }}
{{Elementboks isotope verval |mg=294 |sim=Ts<ref name=277Mt>{{cite journal
 |last1=Oganessian|first1=Yu. Ts.|first2=F. Sh.|last2=Abdullin|first3=C.|last3=Alexander
 |year=2013
 |title=Experimental studies of the <sup>249</sup>Bk + <sup>48</sup>Ca reaction including decay properties and excitation function for isotopes of element 117, and discovery of the new isotope <sup>277</sup>Mt
 |journal=Physical Review C
 |volume=87 |issue=5 |pages=054621
 |bibcode=2013PhRvC..87e4621O
 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevC.87.054621
 |display-authors=1}}</ref> |nv=[[sintetiese radio-isotoop|sin]] | hl=50&nbsp;ms |vm=[[Alfaverval|α]] | ve=10,81 | pg=290 | ps=[[Moscovium|Mc]] }}
{{Elementboks isotope verval |mg=293 |sim=Ts<ref name=266Lr>{{cite journal|last1=Khuyagbaatar|first1=J.|last2=Yakushev|first2=A.|last3=Düllmann|first3=Ch. E.|last4=Ackermann|first4=D.|last5=Andersson|first5=L. L.|title=<sup>48</sup>Ca+<sup>249</sup>Bk Fusion Reaction Leading to Element Z=117: Long-Lived α-Decaying <sup>270</sup>Db and Discovery of <sup>266</sup>Lr|journal=Physical Review Letters|volume=112|issue=17|pages=172501|year=2014|doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.172501|url=http://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.172501|display-authors=3}}</ref> |nv=sin | hl=20&nbsp;ms |vm=α |ve=11,11; 11,00; 10,91 |pg=289 | ps=Mc }}
{{Elementboks isotope eindig}}
{{Elementboks voetskrif | kleur1="#eceaec" | kleur2=gray }}
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'''Tennessien''' is ’n superswaar, kunsmatige [[Chemiese element|element]] met die [[atoomgetal]] 117 en [[Chemiese simbool|simbool]] '''Ts'''. Dit is die tweede swaarste bekende element en die tweede laaste element van die 7de periode op die [[periodieke tabel]].

Die ontdekking van tennessien is in 2010 in Doebna, [[Rusland]], aangekondig deur ’n Russies-[[VSA|Amerikaanse]] span; dit is dus die mees onlangs ontdekte element (soos in 2017). Die nuwe element het soos volg verval:<ref name="117s">{{cite journal|last1=Oganessian |first1=Yu. Ts.|last2=Abdullin |first2=F. Sh.|last3=Bailey |first3=P. D.|last4=Benker |first4=D. E.|last5=Bennett |first5=M. E.|last6=Dmitriev |first6=S. N.|last7=Ezold |first7= J. G.|last8=Hamilton |first8= J. H.|last9=Henderson |first9= R. A. <!--| first10=M. G. |last10=Itkis | first11=Yuri V. |last11=Lobanov | first12=A. N. |last12=Mezentsev | first13=K. J. |last13=Moody | first14=S. L. |last14=Nelson | first15=A. N. |last15=Polyakov | first16=C. E. |last16=Porter | first17=A. V. |last17=Ramayya | first18=F. D. |last18=Riley | first19=J. B.|last19=Roberto | first20=M. A. |last20=Ryabinin | first21=K. P. |last21=Rykaczewski | first22=R. N. |last22=Sagaidak | first23=D. A. |last23=Shaughnessy | first24=I. V. |last24=Shirokovsky | first25=M. A. |last25=Stoyer | first26=V. G. |last26=Subbotin | first27=R. |last27=Sudowe | first28=A. M. |last28=Sukhov | first29=Yu. S. |last29=Tsyganov | first30=Vladimir K. |last30=Utyonkov | first31=A. A. |last31=Voinov | first32=G. K. |last32=Vostokin | first33=P. A. |last33=Wilk -->|title=Synthesis of a New Element with Atomic Number ''Z''=117 |year=2010 |journal=Physical Review Letters |publisher=American Physical Society |volume=104 <!--|issue=14 -->|number=142502 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.142502 |pmid=20481935 |bibcode=2010PhRvL.104n2502O |url=http://www.researchgate.net/publication/44610795_Synthesis_of_a_new_element_with_atomic_number_Z__117 |displayauthors=3 }}</ref>

: <math>\,^{48}_{20}\mathrm{Ca} + \,^{249}_{97}\mathrm{Bk} \to \,^{297}_{117}\mathrm{Ts} ^{*} \to \,^{294}_{117}\mathrm{Ts} + 3\,^{1}_{0}\mathrm{n}</math>

: <math>\,^{48}_{20}\mathrm{Ca} + \,^{249}_{97}\mathrm{Bk} \to \,^{297}_{117}\mathrm{Ts} ^{*} \to \,^{293}_{117}\mathrm{Ts} + 4\,^{1}_{0}\mathrm{n}</math>

Een van sy [[vervalproduk]]te is in 2011 regstreeks geskep en dit het die resultate van die eksperiment gedeeltelik bevestig. Die eksperiment self is in 2012 suksesvol herhaal deur dieselfde span en in 2014 deur ’n gesamentlike [[Duitsland|Duits]]-Amerikaanse span. In 2015 het ’n gesamentlike span van die Internasionale Unie van Suiwer en Toegepaste Chemie ([[IUSTC]]) en die Internasionale Unie van Suiwer en [[Toegepaste Fisika]] ([[IUSTF]])) wat bewerings van die ontdekking van nuwe elemente ondersoek, die element erken. In Junie 2016 het die IUPAC ’n verklaring gepubliseer waarin aangekondig word die ontdekkers het die naam "tennessien" voorgestel na aanleiding van die Amerikaanse streek [[Tennessee]] in Amerika.<!--PLEASE, IF YOU MEAN TO WRITE "THE U.S. STATE OF TENNESSEE", DON'T. THE IUPAC AND THE DISCOVERERS WANT TO NAME IT AFTER THE REGION, NOT THE STATE (WHICH, DESPITE HAVING SAME GEOGRAPHICAL BORDERS, ARE NOT THE SAME, CHECK OUT DEFINITIONS OF BOTH "STATE" AND "REGION"). THE NOTE HERE IS TRYING TO EXPLAIN IT AS WELL; IF YOU CAN SUGGEST A BETTER WAY TO DO SO, PLEASE DO.--><ref group="nota">In die IUPAC-verklaring word "die bydrae van die Tennessee-streek" genoem, onder meer die Oak Ridge Nasionale Biblioteek, die Vanderbilt-universiteit en die Universiteit van Tennessee by [[Knoxville]] tot navorsing oor superswaar elemente. In November 2016 het hulle die naam "tennessien" amptelik aanvaar.</ref>

Tennessien val dalk in die "eiland van stabiliteit", ’n begrip wat verduidelik hoekom sommige superswaar elemente stabieler is in vergelyking met die algemene neiging van afnemende stabiliteit vir elemente ná [[bismut]] op die periodieke tabel. Die kunsmatige tennessienatome het tiene en honderde millisekondes lank bestaan. Op die periodieke tabel word verwag tennessien val in [[Groep (periodieke tabel)|groep]] 17, waarvan al die ander elemente [[Halogeen|halogene]] is. Tennessien is egter dalk nie ’n halogeen nie.<ref name="notgonnabeahalogen">{{cite web |author=<!--no author; by design--> |title=Superheavy Element 117 Confirmed – On the Way to the "Island of Stability" |url=https://www.superheavies.de/english/research_program/highlights_element_117.htm#Is%20Element%20117%20a%20Metal |publisher=GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research |access-date=26 Julie 2015 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200513125453/https://www.superheavies.de/english/research_program/highlights_element_117.htm |archive-date=13 Mei 2020 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Sommige van sy eienskappe kan aansienlik verskil van dié van die halogene vanweë die relativistiese effekte. Daarom word vermoed tennessien is ’n vlugtige [[metaal]] wat nie [[Ioon|anione]] vorm of hoë oksidasietoestande bereik nie. ’n Paar sleuteleienskappe, soos sy smelt- en kookpunt en sy eerste ionisasie-energie, volg egter vermoedelik die periodieke neigings van die halogene.

== Notas ==
{{Verwysings|group=nota}}

== Verwysings ==
{{Verwysings}}

== Bronnelys ==
* {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=QbDEC3oL7uAC&pg=PA127&lpg=PA127&dq=Re+trend+HI+HAt+H117#v=onepage&q=117&f=false|title=Relativistic methods for chemists|publisher=Springer Science+Business Media|editor=Barysz, M.|editor2=Ishikawa, Y.|isbn=978-1-4020-9974-8|date=2010}}
:* {{cite book|title=Relativistic Effects and the Chemistry of the Heavier Main Group Elements |last1=Thayer |first1=J.S. |page=63 |date=2010 |doi=10.1007/978-1-4020-9975-5_2 | ref=harv}}
:* {{cite book|title=Why do we need relativistic computational methods?|last=Stysziński|first=J.|doi=10.1007/978-1-4020-9975-5_3|date=2010|ref=harv}}
:* {{cite book|title=Electronic structure and chemistry of the heaviest elements|last=Pershina|first=V.|doi=10.1007/978-1-4020-9975-5_11|date=2010|ref=harv}}

== Eksterne skakels ==
{{Commons-kategorie inlyn|Tennessine}}
{{Wikt-inlyn|tennessien}}

{{Navigasie Periodieke tabel}}
{{Normdata}}
[[Kategorie:Tennessien]]